When you look at an office building, what do you see? Maybe you see the architecture. Maybe it’s the neighborhood, the restaurants, and amenities. Perhaps, you see the views from within the building. This is what most people see. They’re all important. But it’s what you don’t see that matters most.
We see a lot of confusion in the market around when to begin negotiations. It’s not an insignificant consideration. In fact, when you begin can make a huge difference in the outcome. It’s understandable that tenants would not know when to start. Brokers are not always keen to start at the right time, since compensation is derived by transacting and the closer the tenant is to lease expiration, the faster it will need to transact (and the fewer options it will have). Good for the broker, bad for the tenant. This creates a misalignment of interests that discourages thoughtful consultation on the front end – the more time a broker spends on a project, the lower the compensation.
Throughout 2020, the prevailing sentiment among investors in the San Francisco office market was one of relative optimism. After all, despite the fact tenants were prohibited from occupying their buildings, they continued to collect full rent. The buildings were full, with vacancy hovering around 4%. Sure, companies weren’t happy about paying for space they couldn’t use, but business was good. In many cases the tech sector (which makes up most of San Francisco’s office occupancy) was booming due to an even greater reliance on and usage of tech caused by pandemic driven changes in how people were living. Throughout the course of 2020 there was no reason for San Francisco investors to panic, as few (if any) office occupiers were showing signs of developing long-term hybrid or remote-first strategies. Most were simply focused on solving for ongoing operations as a temporary reaction to the pandemic. Yet early indicators did point to a future in which companies would be shedding office space, as some expiring leases were not replaced. This, coupled with the addition of new supply, caused a big increase in vacancy to nearly 12% by year end. Despite this large uptick, the brunt of the sluggish demand dynamic was being felt in the sublease markets, where rental economics more accurately reflected the true state of the market. Despite a total closing of the office market in 2020, average asking rents ended the year off just 6% from the pre-pandemic high.
In the years leading up to the pandemic, most medium and small companies defined their office space need based on headcount (current and projected), space programming, and industry/sector norms. The exercise was mostly formulaic. The primary differences in the offices of a small, regional law firm compared to those of an AM Law 100 firm would be scale, the cost of finishes, and the quality of the building and views. It was planning for the same outcome, just at different levels on the cost spectrum. Companies having a larger portfolio of offices would typically create a “workplace strategy” that included guidelines around programming (e.g., space layout, office size, critical adjacencies, growth factor, finishes, FF&E, etc.). These guidelines could then be used to inform the real estate process across geography.
Negotiations are always about (or should always be about) this or that. There’s always something else, maybe that something else is nothing (as in sometimes the best thing to do is nothing at all). Decisions made without proper consideration of all relevant alternative scenarios are decisions made poorly. As important, in the context of office lease negotiations, the best negotiated outcomes are directly correlated to the extent to which we understand the alternatives of the landlord counterparty. This is a bit counter intuitive, allow us to explain.
One often-overlooked section of your office lease is the part that sets limits on how many people you can have in the space—or how much electricity you can use. These “consumption limits” give the landlord the right to charge you extra if your usage exceeds what's considered standard (though that “standard” isn’t always clearly defined).
A debt coverage ratio (DCR) is calculated by dividing a building’s net operating income (NOI) by its debt service. In office buildings, NOI comes from rents minus expenses and taxes. Lenders typically require a DCR of 1.2–1.35. If it drops below that, the landlord is technically in default—even if they’re making payments.
For many companies, office space is among a variety of resources they make available to employees to help facilitate work. Other primary resources include technology. In fact, today, technology arguably contributes more to how work is done than the physical office. The diminished role of the office in facilitating work has resulted in changes in how companies look to use office space. One manifestation of this change is in flexible offices, or coworking spaces. This product segment, having grown considerably over the past decade, is tangible proof of shifting consumer sentiment.
Fear sells. But that doesn’t mean you should buy it. So called “tenant only” firms sell the idea that they, alone, offer tenants conflict-free advisory. To be clear, the potential for conflict does exist in commercial real estate advisory (more on that later). Yes, as a consumer of such services, it’s important to be aware of how conflict can manifest. However, the conflict narrative being peddled by the tenant only firms is more myth than reality. It’s a clever sleight of hand, designed to distract the consumer from realizing the big gaps in knowledge that limit the tenant only firm’s ability to properly advise, while simultaneously suggesting great risk in hiring a full-service competitor.
The office product offering is shifting to provide an array of hospitality-inspired experiences that, in some cases, rival those of a 5-Star hotel. San Francisco landlords have lagged other markets in providing such high-end amenities because in the 2 decades prior to the pandemic, the supply/demand dynamic favored landlords, making it easier to lease space (e.g., they didn’t have to). For the past several years, however, San Francisco landlords have begun to spend millions on targeted amenities. The typical playbook calls for some combination of health/fitness, conferencing and events, club/lounge/bar spaces, and specialty spaces, like golf simulator rooms and podcasting studios.
I grew up in a small town but I always dreamed about big cities. I sensed they were special places where, given the right amount of drive, the right mindset, one simply could not fail. Sure, there would be ups and downs, but cities provided access to a robust network of opportunity. This was in stark contrast to the small New England towns of my childhood, many of which never fully recovered from the demise of the textile mills in the early 1900s.
Our young children, now 8 and 9, have formed a special bond with Lucy and Jack, two elves assigned by Santa to watch over them. For the past several years, Lucy and Jack have demonstrated extraordinary commitment to our family. They’ve traveled during the holidays, magically appearing at our vacation destinations. They’ve even stayed on after Christmas, despite being needed at the North Pole. Just the other day, I found one of our children covering them in cinnamon (apparently this helps them get their magic back after being touched by humans). To be sure, their presence has sharpened our children’s focus, causing them to think twice about being naughty, providing a welcome assist on the parental front.
Office leases are complicated undertakings comprised of many variables. The markets offer a variety of solutions, ranging from coworking to subleases to long and short-term direct leases. It’s always important for corporate leaders to understand the primary objectives they seek to achieve in leasing office space. But even when these objectives are well defined, it can be tricky to assess which solution is best.
Technology replaces that which it improves.
Not long ago, the streets of San Francisco were full of taxis. Simply by raising your arm, you could hail a taxi in minutes. Then, Uber and Lyft created their apps. Their intention was always to disrupt an industry that hadn’t changed in decades. Initially, many taxi drivers transitioned to become Uber and Lyft drivers, likely anticipating the technology would shift, not replace their work. But that’s not how this is turning out. Autonomous vehicles will replace human-driven, human transport solutions in major cities where taxi drivers once thrived.
Surveys indicate most workers favor a distributed workplace in which they can work from anywhere, any time. When it comes to work, individuals focus (mostly) on their own specific benefits, as opposed to thinking about how the ways in which their work gets done affects the broader organization. This makes sense, as one of the key benefits of our economic system is how it permits the individual to get ahead, to maximize its value. Employees realize value in a variety of ways, including compensation and other variables. Flexibility in where and when people work is high on the list of non-compensation related variables.
An encumbrance is a burden or impediment. Office leases often contain rights which are exclusive to a specific tenant and which place constraints on the landlord’s ability to lease space to other, 3rd party tenants. These rights are referred to as encumbrances. When tenants consider leasing space in a building, one of the first things they should qualify is the extent to which the landlord’s ability to lease the subject space is subject to any encumbrances. If so, the specific terms of these encumbrances must be understood before proceeding.
AI has summarized capitalism for me as follows:
“…an economic system where private individuals and corporations own and control the means of production, such as property, businesses, and industries. In capitalism, the core principles are profit motive, private property, and market competition. The government's role is limited to taxation and standard regulatory laws, and individuals are given the freedom to operate their businesses and manage their income as they choose.”
